■low temperature physics
■mechanical properties of materials at low temperatures
■MEMS and NEMS
■MEMS in lightwave networks
■all-optical switching
■superconductivity and superfluidity
■magnetic vortices in superconductors and their phase transitions
■nanotechnology
■Casimir effect and Casimir oscillators
■VLSI cooling using nano-patterned structures
■energy efficient networking
■electron coherence effects in metallic nanostructures at low temperatures
■cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure